Eric M. Tam, Hannah Hudson, Tamara Dake, Sara Ghassemifar, Andreas Raue, Yasmin Hashambhoy-Ramsay, Stephen L. Sazinsky, Anahita Daruwalla, Neeraj Kohli, Lihui Xu, Charlotte F. Mc Donagh, Birgit Schoeberl, Diana H. Chai
- Protein-based agonists of apoptotic death receptors have shown remarkable preclinical efficacy but limited clinical response. The short circulating half-life of recombinant human TRAIL and the necessity of Fc-mediated clustering for potentiating agonistic antibodies against DR4 and DR5 have been proposed to be major impediments to the clinical success of this class. To address these limitations we have created Fc-scTRAIL, a single fusion polypeptide consisting of an IgG1 Fc region followed by three successive TRAIL monomers connected by two fifteen-amino acid linkers. While Fc-scTRAIL showed potent activity in vitro, we observed a low TM (48 °C) and rapid inactivation in serum indicating protein instability. Subsequently, we applied a directed evolution approach using yeast surface display to identify mutations that would stabilize the TRAIL trimer. When individual mutations were transferred to the Fc-scTRAIL format, we observed a dramatic increase in the TM (66-70 °C) while theProtein-based agonists of apoptotic death receptors have shown remarkable preclinical efficacy but limited clinical response. The short circulating half-life of recombinant human TRAIL and the necessity of Fc-mediated clustering for potentiating agonistic antibodies against DR4 and DR5 have been proposed to be major impediments to the clinical success of this class. To address these limitations we have created Fc-scTRAIL, a single fusion polypeptide consisting of an IgG1 Fc region followed by three successive TRAIL monomers connected by two fifteen-amino acid linkers. While Fc-scTRAIL showed potent activity in vitro, we observed a low TM (48 °C) and rapid inactivation in serum indicating protein instability. Subsequently, we applied a directed evolution approach using yeast surface display to identify mutations that would stabilize the TRAIL trimer. When individual mutations were transferred to the Fc-scTRAIL format, we observed a dramatic increase in the TM (66-70 °C) while the combination of three mutations improved serum stability by ten-fold. Stabilized Fc-scTRAIL shows greater pro-apoptotic activity across a panel of cancer cell lines when compared to mapatumumab (anti-DR4) and drozitumab (anti-DR5), or the combination of antibodies even in the presence of anti-Fc cross-linking. Moreover, anti-Fc did not improve Fc-scTRAIL activity suggesting that the hexavalent design of the molecule maximizes death receptor activation. Currently, in vivo evaluation of Fc-scTRAIL for pharmacokinetic properties and activity is underway. We believe this format, when combined with an appropriate patient selection strategy, will result in improved clinical outcomes.…
