Open Access

R. Reitberger, N. Pattnaik, L. Parhizgar, C. Trost, H. Yazdi, M. A. Rahman, S. Pauleit, T. Roetzer, H. Pretzsch, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, F. Ludwig, A. Reischl, M. P. Plaza Garcia, W. Lang

• This research addresses the intricate dynamics between urban green infrastructure (UGI) and the built environment, focusing on the effects of urban heat islands, building energy demand, and human health. Following the idea of the Socio-Ecological-Technological Systems framework, we investigate key indicators related to green and grey infrastructure and their interactions at the urban scale. We construct a comprehensive causal-loop diagram through an iterative approach involving literature analysis and expert consultation. The outcomes highlight the significance of urban form and green infrastructure in connecting indoor and outdoor spaces. This research enhances the understanding of systemic behavior in the urban fabric and offers insights into the complex interactions between UGI and the built environment. The approach underscores the value of iterative modeling, fostering collaborative efforts and providing a foundation for further system modeling. Future research should focus onThis research addresses the intricate dynamics between urban green infrastructure (UGI) and the built environment, focusing on the effects of urban heat islands, building energy demand, and human health. Following the idea of the Socio-Ecological-Technological Systems framework, we investigate key indicators related to green and grey infrastructure and their interactions at the urban scale. We construct a comprehensive causal-loop diagram through an iterative approach involving literature analysis and expert consultation. The outcomes highlight the significance of urban form and green infrastructure in connecting indoor and outdoor spaces. This research enhances the understanding of systemic behavior in the urban fabric and offers insights into the complex interactions between UGI and the built environment. The approach underscores the value of iterative modeling, fostering collaborative efforts and providing a foundation for further system modeling. Future research should focus on quantitative validation of the identified connections. Additionally, connection strengths and spatial elements would be valuable extensions of the presented system model.…