Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Mikroökonomik
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Using a representative survey with 1317 individuals and 12,815 moral decisions, we elicit Swedish citizens' preferences on how algorithms for self-driving cars should be programmed in cases of unavoidable harm to humans. Participants' choices in different dilemma situations (treatments) show that, at the margin, the average respondent values the lives of passengers and pedestrians equally when both groups are homogeneous and no group is to blame for the dilemma. In comparison, the respondent values the lives of passengers more when the pedestrians violate a social norm, and less when the pedestrians are children. Furthermore, we explain why the average respondent in the control treatment needs to be compensated with two to six passengers spared in order to sacrifice the first pedestrian, even though she values the lives of passengers and pedestrians equally at the margin. We conclude that respondents' choices are highly contextual and consider the age of the persons involved and whether these persons have complied with social norms.
The extent and complexity of climate change can hardly be described in a few words. However, for a large part of the scientific community, one thing is certain: the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions quickly. Yet, we are still emitting too much compared to the economically optimal path. This thesis studies the political economy of climate change and contains three essays to understand this so-called emission gap.
Each chapter covers different parts of the political economy of climate change. In Chapter 2, we study the influence of migration on mitigation from a political economy perspective. We find a problematic mechanism that may lead to a socially inefficient mitigation level and a trapped population. Chapter 3 investigates the political economy of the German Climate Package and the commuting allowance. In contrast to Chapter 2, in Chapter 3, we identify a mechanism that allows the government to implement a higher mitigation level in the form of a carbon tax in the transport sector. Finally, in Chapter 4, we study the influence of weather on climate change concerns. One may ask how this is related to the political economy of climate change. However, we argue that climate change concerns can be seen as a proxy for the support of protection measures. If someone is very concerned about the consequences of climate change, it is more likely that he will support stricter climate protection laws. Compared to Chapters 2 and 3, where we use a partial equilibrium model within a political economy framework, in Chapter 4, we use German survey data to examine this question empirically.
