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In this work the diffusion-induced formation of an ordered L10 FePt phase in Fe(15 nm)/Ag(Au)(10 nm)/Pt(15 nm) and Pt(15 nm)/Ag(Au)/Fe(15 nm) trilayers with a Ag(Au) interlayer upon annealing is studied. The films were prepared by magnetron sputtering on SiO2/Si(001) substrates. Isothermal annealing of the samples was carried out in vacuum at 700 °С for different annealing times up to 30 minutes. It was found that the stacking sequence of the trilayer has a strong impact on the direction of the diffusion process. This results in the formation of different chemical composition along the film thickness which is explained by the different formation enthalpies of possible phases. Finally, the hard magnetic L10 FePt phase is formed with grain boundaries filled by Ag(Au) resulting in enhanced coercivity. In addition, depending on the layer stacking sequence, the remaining Ag(Au) can be found either on the top surface or at the substrate interface. In this regard, employing different diffusion paths on selected layer stacks is a promising approach of forming gradient nanomaterials with properties that might be useful for practical applications.
Reversible ferroelectric domain wall movements beyond the 10 nm range associated with Rayleigh behavior are usually restricted to specific defect-engineered systems. Here, we demonstrate that such long-range movements naturally occur in the improper ferroelectric ErMnO3 during electric-field-cycling. We study the electric-field-driven motion of domain walls, showing that they readily return to their initial position after having traveled distances exceeding 250 nm. By applying switching spectroscopy band-excitation piezoresponse force microscopy, we track the domain wall movement with nanometric spatial precision and analyze the local switching behavior. Phase field simulations show that the reversible long-range motion is intrinsic to the hexagonal manganites, linking it to their improper ferroelectricity and topologically protected structural vortex lines, which serve as anchor point for the ferroelectric domain walls. Our results give new insight into the local dynamics of domain walls in improper ferroelectrics and demonstrate the possibility to reversibly displace domain walls over much larger distances than commonly expected for ferroelectric systems in their pristine state, ensuring predictable device behavior for applications such as tunable capacitors or sensors.
The use of CDK4/6 inhibitors, the new PI3K/AKT-kinase inhib-
itors, selective estrogen receptor-degraders (SERDs), anti-
body-drug conjugates, immune therapies and PARP inhibitors
in recent years has resulted in a marked change in the therapy
landscape for patients with advanced stage breast cancer.
CDK4/6 inhibitors, trastuzumab deruxtecan, and sacituzumab
govitecan have all been shown to provide significant overall
survival benefits compared to conventional chemotherapy.
Other substances are also showing promising results and hold
out the hope that further analysis of the overall survival bene-
fits will be available in the near future. The speed at which
studies are now being carried out has markedly increased,
and conferences and specialist journals are now constant
sources of new information. This review summarizes the most
recent publications and conference presentations on the
treatment of patients with advanced stage breast cancer
This review summarizes the latest developments for the treatment of patients with early-stage breast cancer. Most of the clinically relevant changes were the result of using immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and CDK4/6 inhibitors to treat patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HRpos/HER2neg) tumors and a high risk of recurrence. Recent studies are presenting more and more data with long follow-up times and integrating translational analyses to evaluate new biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). This review article summarizes the latest developments published in recent months and puts the findings in context.
