Institut für Statistik und mathematische Wirtschaftstheorie
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This cumulative dissertation develops and applies methods to predict and empirically study financial market behavior. It presents three papers examining different research questions on the economic and statistical laws governing financial markets.
The first study, Improving Performance of Corporate Rating Prediction Models by Reducing Financial Ratio Heterogeneity, develops a methodology to construct better performing models to predict credit default rates of large corporations across different industries. It was motivated by the fact that our consulting team had difficulties to construct rating models for large corporates, due to limited available data on defaults and heterogeneity in financial ratios across industry groups. Published work did not provide much methodological help. This motivated developing our own methodology to account for industry heterogeneity within the rating model, and thereby achieving a notable improvement in prediction accuracy.
The second paper, Exploiting Attention-driven Mispricing: Evidence from Actual-Dollar Trading, develops a systematic trading strategy for U.S. stocks and successfully trades it in a true out-of-sample test with real money. These results not only motivated investors to provide the seed funding to start a quantitative asset management firm, it also posed the question of how these profits could be possible and persistent for a longer period. Given that the widely accepted efficient market hypothesis (Fama, 1970) implies that financial markets eliminate such profit opportunities quickly, this conflicting observation deserved further investigation.
Third and finally, the essay High Frequency Trading Intensifies Intraday Extreme Events in Stock Returns investigates whether high frequency trading (HFT) activity exacerbates large intraday price moves in the stock market. The idea of investigating the link between HFT and intraday extreme events was motivated by my intraday market observations from countless hours of automated trading surveillance. Thereby, sudden bursts of activity and volatility – often without any news – were a surprisingly regular phenomenon. At the same time, there is a dichotomy in the literature. On the one hand, several published empirical studies indicate that HFT activity dampens volatility and improves market quality. On the other hand, theoretical models and institutional traders formulate multiple plausible mechanisms by which HFT could cause extreme events in short-term stock returns.
Diese Arbeit hat die Ermittlung des täglichen Verlaufs der Intraday-Volatilität zum Ziel. Die Intraday-Volatilität wird dabei mit Hilfe der Stichprobenvarianz der minütlichen DAX-Renditen in viertelstündlichen Intervallen gemessen. Zusätzlich wird der Einfluß des Verfalls von Optionen und des DAX-Futures an der DTB auf die Kursentwicklung des Spotmarkts an der Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse untersucht. Die Intraday-Volatilität ist von 1991 bis 1993 auf kalenderjährlicher Basis an allen Wochentagen gesunken. Betrachtet man viertelstündliche Intervalle, so ist festzustellen, daß die Intraday-Volatilität bis auf zwei Ausnahmeintervalle von 1991 bis 1993 fällt. Die Intraday-Volatilität der ersten 3 Viertelstunden des amtlichen Handels liegt signifikant über der Intraday-Volatilität des restlichen Tages. Im Intervall von 12.16 bis 12.30 erreicht die Volatilität – zum Zeitpunkt der Ermittlung der Kassakurse – ein lokales Maximum. Gegen Handelsende steigt die Volatilität erneut geringfügig an. Der Verfall des DAX-Futures erhöht die Volatilität zu Handelsbeginn. Die Erhöhung der Volatilität zu Handelsschluß, die durch den Verfall von Optionen bedingt wird, beträgt mehr als das Doppelte des Einflusses des Verfalls des Futures- Kontraktes zu Handelsbeginn.
Hauptgegenstand des Revenue Managements ist die Beantwortung der Frage, wie kapazitätsbeschränkte und nicht-lagerbare Ressourcen innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Zeithorizonts optimal abgesetzt werden können. Die gegenwärtig in der Literatur diskutierten Revenue-Management-Modelle verfolgen dabei zumeist das Ziel einer kurzfristigen Erlösmaximierung, ohne die Auswirkungen auf langfristige Kundenbeziehungen zu berücksichtigen. Weiterhin vernachlässigen gegenwärtige Optimierungsansätze Charakteristika wie die Ermittlung einer Verhandlungslösung bezüglich Preis und Liefermenge, welche speziell im Business-to-Business-Bereich von großer Bedeutung sind. Gegenstand der vorliegenden kumulativen Dissertationsschrift ist die Entwicklung von Revenue-Management-Ansätzen, die die Merkmale derartiger Kundenbeziehungen im Rahmen der Kapazitätsallokation berücksichtigen.
Revenue management has become one of the most successful fields where operations research methods are applied. This cumulative dissertation jointly studies two major trends that have emerged during the past decade: the consideration of supply-side substitution due to flexible products and upgrades, and the consideration of demand-side substitution arising from customer choice behavior. The resulting problems are sequential and stochastic, such that methods of approximate dynamic programming are developed. Considering various settings, the benefits over existing business models and revenue management approaches are proved.
Supporting Learning in Information Systems by Facilitating Motivation with Games and Game Elements
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There is little doubt about the importance of learning in information societies. Although it has already been crucial for centuries, current developments such as digitalization and digital transformation emphasize the need to establish successful training procedures for rapidly changing skill sets in organizations. This dissertation extends prior knowledge about the motivational effects and learning outcomes of game-based learning and motivation in Information Systems. Following the Design Science Research paradigm, it draws on psychological research to design and analyze game-based approaches to foster learning and motivation in Information Systems. Besides providing the theoretical foundation for these approaches alongside novel and useful artifacts for both industry and higher education, it proposes several specific design recommendations that may change the way they are implemented.
Heuristic decision rules for short-term trading of renewable energy with co-located energy storage
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In spite of substantial interest in open innovation (OI), both research and practice lack methods that support companies in managing their IT innovation projects (ITIPs) relative to OI. We contribute to the closure of this gap by providing an approach for an ex ante financial evaluation of OI application, which involves developing a theoretical model that determines the optimal degree of openness in ITIPs. Based on our model, we examine relevant causal relationships by analyzing the influence of a company's ability to manage OI and the probability of success in OI application on the theoretical optimum. We find that the optimal openness level is linked with the company's ability to manage OI, which can incorporate organizational, cultural, and technological maturity. To increase the value contribution of OI, companies should focus on a steady improvement in managing OI. The results provide both an indicator for practical decision‐making and a starting point for future research.